Fig. 5
From: Femoral vein pulsatility: a simple tool for venous congestion assessment
Correlation between right atrial pressure waveform (RAP), right ventricular pressure waveform (RVP), hepatic venous flow (HVF), interlobar renal venous flow (IRVF), portal venous flow (PVF) and femoral venous flow (FVF) with progressive right ventricular (RV) dysfunction and venous congestion in normal patients (A, D, G, J, M, P). Typical patterns are commonly observed in patients with mild (B, E, H, K, N, Q) and severe (C, F, I, L, O, R) RV dysfunction. AR atrial reversal Doppler flow velocity; D diastolic Doppler flow velocity; Ppa pulmonary artery pressure, Prv right ventricular pressure, S systolic Doppler flow velocity. (Adapted with permission of Couture et al. [9])