Table 1 Baseline characteristic

Gender, male, n (%)

23 (74)

16 (84)

0.407^a

Female, n (%)

8 (26)

3 (16)

Age, mean (95% CI), year

38 (33.6–42.9)

49 (42–56)

0.01^b

Subglottic secretion score, n (%)

0 (absent) = 19 (38)

1 (posterior only) = 6 (12)

2 (anterior and posterior) = 25 (50)

Comorbidities

0.231^a

 None, n (%)

25 (81)

15 (79)

 Multiple,n (%)

3 (10)

4 (21)

 Diabetes mellitus, n (%)

3 (10)

0 (0)

Medical treatment given

Antibiotic usage, n (%)

6 (19)

3 (16)

0.532^a

Physiological parameter

Respiratory rate, mean (95% CI)

20 (19–21)

21 (19–23)

0.533^b

Mean arterial pressure, mean (95% CI)

97 (91–102)

91 (85–98)

0.217^b

Heart rate, mean (95% CI)

94 (87–91)

94 (82–107)

0.931^b

SpO₂, mean (95% CI)

99 (99–100)

96 (94–99)

0.006^b

ETT size, mean (95% CI)

7.7 (7.6–7.8)

7.8(7.6–8.0)

0.356^b

GCS, mean (95% CI)

6.3 (5.2–7.4)

7.6 (6.0–9.2)

0.144^b

SOFA score mean (95% CI)

4.5 (3.6–5.3)

4.0 (3.1–4.8)

0.426^b

APACHE score, mean

(95% CI)

13.5 (11.1–15.9)

13.9 (11.5–16.3)

0.816^b

SAPS score, mean (95% CI)

31.2 (27.5–34.9)

31.8 (26.8–36.7)

0.846^b

Outcomes

VAP, n (%)

18 (58)

2 (11)

0.01^a

Mortality, n (%)

6 (19)

6 (32)

0.258^a

ICU stay (days)

4.7 (2.2–7.1)

9.4 (3–15.8)

0.099^b

Hospital stay (days)

8.5 (5.7–11.2)

14.8 (6.9–22.7)

0.069^b

Ventilator usage (days)

4.0 (1.9–6.1)

9.2 (2.7–15.6)

0.062^b

SOFA at discharge, mean (95% CI)

2.4 (0.7–4.1)

3.5 (1.5–5.4)

0.404^b