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Table1 Comparison of the novel observed categorical parameters (CD location in %, its steep course in %, presence of an air leak in %) and continuous parameters (depth of CD insertion in cm, length of CD in chest in cm, CDI, all * medians and interquartile ranges) between groups with a full lung expansion on CUS (pneumothorax excluded in all lung fields) and group with a residual pneumothorax on CUS

From: Interpleural location of chest drain on ultrasound excludes pneumothorax and associates with a low degree of chest drain foreshortening on the antero-posterior chest X-ray

Pneumothorax n = 106

Full lung expansion on post-drainage CUS (n = 80, 75%)

Residual pneumothorax on post-drainage CUS (n = 26, 25%)

Drain located on CUS

69 (86%)

8 (31%), (p˂0.0001)

Depth of drain insertion on CD scale (cm)*

12 (10–14)

12 (12–16), (n.s)

Length of CD in chest on antero-posterior CR (cm)*

16.1 (14.2–17.9)

13.3 (11.4–16.5), (n.s.)

CDI*

0.99 (0.88–1.06)

0.76 (0.6–0.93), (p˂0.01)

Steep ascending drain in chest on CR

10 (12.5%)

6 (23%), (n.s.)

Continued air leak from the drain

19/80 (24%)

14/26 (55%), (p˂0.003)