Table 2 Patient and imaging characteristics from CT scan and post hoc ultrasound analysis of enrolled patients who had temporal windows
Subject | Age, gender | Diagnosis based on CT/MRI brain | Ultrasound lesions on Transcranial present in comparison with head CT | Ultrasound lesions on Abdominal present in comparison with head CT | Time b/w CT/MRI & ultrasound scan | POCUS blinded to CT diagnosis outcomes ICH | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 28 male | AIS | Large subacute left MCA distribution infarct No hemorrhagic conversion external ventricular drain right frontal lobe and tip terminates in the right frontal horn | Posterior part of falx cerebri (Figs. 2, 3, 6) Choroid plexus midline and temporal horns (Fig. 2) Linear hyperechoic shadow parallel to inner table posterior fossa) ~ transverse sinus) | Posterior part of falx cerebri Choroid plexus midline and temporal horns Linear hyperechoic shadow parallel to inner table posterior fossa) ~ transverse sinus) | 1 day, 7 h | True negative |
2 | 55 female | Tumor | Peripherally enhancing lesion in the left thalamus 3.5 × 3.3 cm | Large Hyperechoic shadow below midbrain (Fig. 5) | Discrete delineated Hyperechoic shadow below midbrain | 1d 15 h | False positive |
3 | 35 female | AIS | Large right early subacute MCA territory infarcts. No hemorrhagic transformation Early subacute right thalamic infarct Punctate hyperdense focus in the high peripheral right frontal lobe may represent a prominent surface vessel versus punctate hemorrhage | Large Hyperechoic shadow below midbrain (Fig. 4) | Echogenicity in anterior and posterior temporal lobe Echoic cisterns around midbrain | 3 h | False positive |
4 | 54 female | ICH | Right basal ganglia hemorrhage with intraventricular extension Obstructive hydrocephalus of the left ventricle. Extension of the hemorrhage into the anterior horn, occipital horn, and body of the right lateral ventricle, third ventricle, and fourth ventricle | Posterior part of falx cerebri (Figs. 2, 3, 6) Large hyperechoic shadow cortical Sphenoid bone wings (Fig. 1) | Posterior part of falx cerebri Hyperechoic shadow subcortical Sphenoid bone wings | 13 h | True positive |
5 | 63 male | ICH | Right basal ganglia intraparenchymal hemorrhage No intraventricular hemorrhage | Hyperechoic shadow subcortical ( Fig. 3) Hyperechoic shadow below midbrain Linear hyperechoic shadow parallel to inner table posterior fossa) ~ transverse sinus) | hyperechoic shadow subcortical Hyperechoic shadow below midbrain Linear hyperechoic shadow parallel to inner table posterior fossa) ~ transverse sinus) | 14 h | True positive |
6 | 69 male | ICH | Right thalamic hemorrhage w Hemorrhage layering dependently within the occipital horns of the lateral ventricles. Severe atherosclerotic calcifications of the intracranial internal carotid arteries Chronic microvascular ischemic changes | Very hyperechoic shadow subcortical (Fig. 3) | Very hyperechoic shadow subcortical | 21 min | True positive |
7 | 64 female | SAH | Endovascular coiling of ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysm. Extra-axial hemorrhage along the interhemispheric fissure and decreasing subarachnoid hemorrhage throughout the bilateral sylvian fissures and frontal lobe sulci. Extensive patchy hypodensities throughout the bilateral cerebral white matter | Very hyperechoic shadow subcortical | Very hyperechoic shadow subcortical | 1 day, 3 h | True positive |
8 | 57 female | ICH | MRI—Acute left parietal parenchymal hematoma measuring 3.1 × 3.0 × 3.4 cm with thin peripheral enhancement, presumably associated with an underlying metastatic lesion | Very hyperechoic shadow subcortical (Fig. 3) Clivus | Very hyperechoic shadow subcortical Clivus Choroid plexus midline and temporal horns | 4 h 50 min | True positive |
9 | 77 female | AIS | No acute intracranial hemorrhage or evidence of acute large vascular territory infarct. Chronic small vessel disease. Intracranial atherosclerosis | Choroid plexus midline and temporal horns (Fig. 2) | Choroid plexus midline and temporal horns | 7 h | True negative |
10 | 76 male | ICH | Large right MCA territory infarct with leftward midline shift 13 mm. Hemorrhagic conversion of the infarct predominantly involving the right basal ganglia | Very hyperechoic shadow subcortical (Fig. 3) Hyperechoic shadow below midbrain (Fig. 4) Echoic cisterns around midbrain | Very hyperechoic shadow subcortical | 6 h 20 min | True positive |
11 | 54 male | ICH | Acute right basal ganglia hemorrhage with mild surrounding edema and local mass effect. Patchy hypodensity within the periventricular and deep white matter | Very hyperechoic shadow subcortical (Fig. 3) Choroid plexus midline and temporal horns (Fig. 2) | Choroid plexus midline and temporal horns | 47 min | True positive |