Table 2 Characteristics, respiratory variables and echocardiographic parameters of patients admitted to ICU for acute cardiovascular failure and acute respiratory failure

Population characteristics

 Number of patients

129 (54.7%)

107 (45.3%)

–

 Age (years)

68 ± 16

57 ± 17

 < 0.0001

 Males, n (%)

85 (65.9%)

65 (60.7%)

0.4097

 BSA (m²)

1.84 ± 0.20

1.89 ± 0.24

0.1339

 APACHE II

13.3 ± 5.8

12.5 ± 3.8

0.2460

Ventilation and gas exchanges

 Mechanical ventilation (included NIV), n

100 (77.5%)

104 (92.5%)

0.0017

 PEEP (cmH₂O)

8.0

(6.0–10.0)

10.0

(8.0–12.0)

0.0001

 PaO₂/FiO₂ (mmHg)

211.5

(179.0–235.0)

168.0

(115.3–194.8)

 < 0.0001

 PaCO₂ (mmHg)

40.0

(36.0–45.0)

49.0

(43.0–57.0)

 < 0.0001

Echocardiographic parameters and derived variables

 TAPSE (mm)

12.0

(8.4–18.2)

20.0

(15.2–23.7)

 < 0.0001

 S’ (cm/s)

7.6

(4.7–11.6)

10.2

(8.2–14.5)

0.001

 RAP (mmHg)

10.0

(8.0–10.0)

8.0

(8.0–10.0)

0.4751

 sPAP (mmHg)

44.0

(38.3–51.9)

52.9

(43.9–63.1)

 < 0.0001

 PAAT (ms)

85.0

(71.0–95.0)

92.0

(77.0–103.0)

0.0056

 Log₁₀PAAT

1.93

(1.85–1.98)

1.96

(1.89–2.01)

0.0057

 HR (bpm)

90

(80–102)

76

(61–89)

 < 0.0001

 RVET (ms)

234.5

(202.5–266.0)

221.0

(189.5–265.8)

0.0552

 PAAT/√RR

3.18

(2.79–3.73)

3.20

(2.59–3.77)

0.5399

 PAAT/RVET

0.36

(0.29–0.41)

0.41

(0.34–0.50)

0.0001