Table 1 Demographic, clinical characteristics and echocardiographic parameters of overall population and the two cohorts
Overall population | TAPSE ≥ 17 mm | TAPSE < 17 mm | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Population characteristics | ||||
Number of patients | 236 (100%) | 114 (48.3%) | 122 (51.7%) | – |
Age (years) | 63 ± 17 | 62 ± 18 | 64 ± 16 | 0.3672 |
Males, n (%) | 150 (63.5%) | 69 (60.5%) | 81 (66.4%) | 0.3477 |
BSA (m2) | 1.86 ± 0.22 | 1.90 ± 0.23 | 1.83 ± 0.20 | 0.0131 |
APACHE II | 12.9 ± 5.0 | 12.7 ± 4.5 | 13.1 ± 5.4 | 0.5386 |
Cause of ICU admission | ||||
Respiratory failure, n | 107 (45.3%) | 75 (70.1%) | 32 (29.9%) | – |
Post-cardiac surgery, n | 129 (54.7%) | 39 (30.2%) | 90 (69.8%) | – |
Ventilation and gas exchanges | ||||
Mechanical ventilation (included NIV), n | 198 (83.9%) | 98 (86.0%) | 101 (82.8%) | 0.4999 |
PEEP (cmH2O) | 9.0 (7.0–11.0) | 10 (7.8–11.0) | 8.0 (6.0–10.0) | 0.0796 |
PaO2/FiO2 (mmHg) | 191.1 (139–221.5) | 187 (126.5–216.0) | 198 (155.8–228.3) | 0.1012 |
PaCO2 (mmHg) | 43.0 (38.0–49.0) | 44.0 (40.0–51.5) | 42 (37.0–49.0) | 0.0955 |
Echocardiographic parameters and derived variables | ||||
TAPSE (mm) | 16.0 (10.0–21.0) | 21.0 (19.0–24.0) | 10.1 (8.0–14.0) | < 0.0001 |
S’ (cm/Sec) | 9.4 (6.5—12) | 11.5 (9.4–15.2) | 6.9 (4.2–9.2) | < 0.0001 |
RAP (mmHg) | 8.0 (8.0–10.0) | 8.0 (8.0–10.0) | 10.0 (8.0–10.0) | 0.2338 |
sPAP (mmHg) | 48.1 (39.9–58.7) | 51.7 (41.2–61.7) | 44.8 (39.0–52.9) | 0.0020 |
PAAT (ms) | 87.5 (74.0–98.0) | 94.0 (77.0–106.0) | 85.0 (74.0–92.0) | 0.0009 |
Log10PAAT | 1.94 (1.87–1.99) | 1.97 (1.89–2.03) | 1.93 (1.87–1.96) | 0.0008 |
HR (bpm) | 84 (72 -97) | 80 (67–90) | 90 (76–100) | 0.0002 |
RVET (ms) | 229.0 (193.0–265.5) | 222.0 (188.5–263.5) | 234.5 (205.0–268.0) | 0.0650 |
PAAT/√RR | 3.18 (2.69–3.76) | 3.28 (2.69–3.82) | 3.13 (2.67–3.67) | 0.2330 |
PAAT/RVET | 0.38 (0.31–0.44) | 0.40 (0.34–0.48) | 0.36 (0.29–0.41) | 0.0001 |