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Table 2 Ultrasound signs for reversible causes

From: Point-of-care ultrasound in cardiorespiratory arrest (POCUS-CA): narrative review article

 

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Arrest signs

Peri-Arrest signs

Cardiac Tamponade

Subxiphoid View Apical 4 chambers

Subcostal IVC

Parasternal Long View*

Pericardial effusion

Plethoric IVC

Pericardial effusion

Plethoric IVC

Systolic collapse of the right atrium

Collapse of the right ventricle in diastole

Hypovolemia

Subxiphoid View

Apical 4 chambers

Subcostal IVC

Parasternal views*

Obliteration of ventricles

Inferior vena cava diameter < 2 cm

Hyperdynamic

Obliteration of ventricles

Kiss sign

"Empty tank" inferior vena cava (IVC diameter < 2 cm collapse > 50% during inspiration)

Pulmonary Embolism

Subxiphoid View

Apical 4 chambers

Subcostal IVC

Parasternal views*

Lower limb compression ultrasound*

Right heart thrombus

Right ventricular dilation

D sign of left ventricle

Deep vein thrombosis

Pulmonary Hypertension

Deep vein thrombosis

Paradoxical septal systolic movement

Septal flattening in diastole

McConnell sign

D sign of left ventricle

Tension pneumothorax

4th–5th intercostal space with midclavicular line

Absence lung sliding (during artificial ventilation)

Stratosphere /barcode sign

Absence lung sliding

Stratosphere /barcode sign

Absence B lines

Absence pulmonary pulse

Lung point

  1. *Optional