From: Point-of-care ultrasound in cardiorespiratory arrest (POCUS-CA): narrative review article
View | Arrest signs | Peri-Arrest signs | |
---|---|---|---|
Cardiac Tamponade | Subxiphoid View Apical 4 chambers Subcostal IVC Parasternal Long View* | Pericardial effusion Plethoric IVC | Pericardial effusion Plethoric IVC Systolic collapse of the right atrium Collapse of the right ventricle in diastole |
Hypovolemia | Subxiphoid View Apical 4 chambers Subcostal IVC Parasternal views* | Obliteration of ventricles Inferior vena cava diameter < 2 cm | Hyperdynamic Obliteration of ventricles Kiss sign "Empty tank" inferior vena cava (IVC diameter < 2 cm collapse > 50% during inspiration) |
Pulmonary Embolism | Subxiphoid View Apical 4 chambers Subcostal IVC Parasternal views* Lower limb compression ultrasound* | Right heart thrombus Right ventricular dilation D sign of left ventricle Deep vein thrombosis | Pulmonary Hypertension Deep vein thrombosis Paradoxical septal systolic movement Septal flattening in diastole McConnell sign D sign of left ventricle |
Tension pneumothorax | 4th–5th intercostal space with midclavicular line | Absence lung sliding (during artificial ventilation) Stratosphere /barcode sign | Absence lung sliding Stratosphere /barcode sign Absence B lines Absence pulmonary pulse Lung point |