Table 1 Characteristics of studies included in the systematic review
Study | Location | Study type | Sample size | Parity | Age median (range)/mean ± SD | Gestational age (weeks): median (range)/mean ± SD | BMI: kg/m2 median (range)/mean (SD) | Single or multiple | Presentation | Intervention | Control | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nulliparous | Multi | ||||||||||||
Cuerva et al. [25] | Spain | Prospective cohort | 57 | 31.5% | 68.5% | 31.6 ± 6.3 | 39.2 ± 0.9 | 24.3 ± 5.4 | Singleton | Cephalic | TPUS | DVE | |
Kim et al. [7] | South Korea | Prospective cohort | 25 | 72% | 28% | 32 (18–38) | 38.4 (32.8 -40.8) | – | Singleton | Cephalic | TPUS | DVE | |
Wiafe et al. [3] | Republic of Ghana | Prospective cohort | 195 | Nulli | Primi | 31% | 27 Mean | 39 ± 4 | 28 (20–42) | Singleton | Cephalic | TPUS | DVE |
47% | 22% | ||||||||||||
Wilkinson et al. [24] | UK | Prospective cohort | 195 | 93% | 7% | 31 (18–44) | 40 (24–42) | 24.1 (15.7–42.4) | Singleton | Cephalic | TPUS | DVE | |
Dimassi et al. [26] | Tunisia | Prospective cohort | 60 | Not mention | Not mention | Singleton | Cephalic | TPUS | DVE | ||||
Yuce et al. [28] | Turkey | Prospective cohort | 43 | 58% | 42% | Singleton | Cephalic | TPUS | DVE | ||||
Benediktsdotti et al. [27] | Sweden | Prospective cohort | 86 | Median (range): 1 (0–5) | 30.5 (23–43) | 40 (36–42) | 24.3 (18–36) | Singleton | Cephalic | TPUS | DVE | ||
Hassan et al. [12] | UK | Prospective cohort | 52 | Median(range): 0 (0–2) | 34 (21–41) | 40 (37–41) | 29 (22–47) | Singleton | Cephalic | TPUS | DVE | ||
Hassan et al. [13] | UK | Prospective cohort | 40 | 100% | – | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mention | Singleton | Cephalic | TPUS | DVE | |
Zimerman et al. [15] | Israel | Prospective cohort | 52 | 43% | 57% | 29.8 ± 4.23 | 39.7 ± 1.32 | Singleton | Cephalic | TLUS | DVE | ||