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Table 2 Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), positive predictive value (PPV), and kappa statistics associated with lung ultrasound findings compared to SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing

From: Diagnostic accuracy of lung ultrasound for SARS-CoV-2: a retrospective cohort study

 

Sensitivity

Specificity

NPV

PPV

Kappa

All ultrasounds, N = 174

 Ultrasound SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis

86.0

71.6

81.7

77.7

0.58

 Multiple field involvement

83.9

66.7

78.3

74.3

0.51

 Posterior field involvement

71.0

70.4

67.9

73.3

0.41

 Bilateral lung involvement

78.5

74.1

75.0

77.7

0.53

 Bilateral posterior field involvement

57.0

91.4

64.9

88.3

0.47

 Any discrete B-lines

86.0

54.3

77.2

68.4

0.41

 Any confluent B-lines

43.0

98.8

60.2

97.6

0.40

 Any pleural thickening or irregularity

86.0

51.9

76.4

67.2

0.39

 No pathologic lung findings

11.8

48.1

32.2

20.8

-0.39

Ultrasound SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis

 No ILD, N = 167

87.0

77.3

82.9

82.5

0.65

 No ILD, no HF EF ≤ 35%, N = 158

85.4

82.4

83.6

86.8

0.70

 No ILD, no HF EF ≤ 35%, no immunosuppression, N = 144

89.3

83.3

84.7

88.2

0.73

Complete ultrasounds, N = 174

90.9

75.6

87.2

82.0

0.67

  1. ILD interstitial lung disease, EF ejection fraction, HIV/AIDS human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, ESRD end-stage renal disease