Table 1 Baseline characteristics by SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR results, N = 174
From: Diagnostic accuracy of lung ultrasound for SARS-CoV-2: a retrospective cohort study
| Â | Overall | RT-PCR result | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Negative | Positive | ||
N | 174 | 81 | 93 | Â |
Age, mean (SD) | 53.1 (16.8) | 51.9 (19.2) | 54.2 (14.3) | 0.37 |
Male, no. (%) | 92 (53%) | 40 (49%) | 52 (56%) | 0.39 |
Race, no. (%) |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Caucasian | 66 (38%) | 36 (44%) | 30 (32%) | |
 African American | 33 (19%) | 4 (5%) | 29 (31%) | |
 Hispanic or Asian | 75 (43%) | 41 (51%) | 34 (37%) | |
Body mass index, kg/m2, mean (SD)a | 29.1 (7.2) | 28.1 (7.8) | 30.0 (6.6) | 0.098 |
Number of comorbidities, no. (%) | 0.013 | |||
 0 | 101 (58.0%) | 37 (46%) | 64 (69%) | |
 1 | 53 (30.5%) | 30 (37%) | 23 (25%) | |
 2 | 15 (8.6%) | 10 (12%) | 5 (5%) | |
 3 | 5 (2.9%) | 4 (5%) | 1 (1%) | |
Interventions needed, no. (%) | ||||
 High-flow nasal cannula oxygen | 10 (5.7%) | 1 (1%) | 9 (10%) | 0.017 |
Intubation | 25 (14.4%) | 5 (6%) | 20 (22%) | 0.004 |
Comorbidities, no. (%) | ||||
 Interstitial lung disease | 7 (4%) | 6 (7%) | 1 (1%) | 0.034 |
 Asthma | 20 (12%) | 8 (10%) | 12 (13%) | 0.53 |
 COPD | 12 (7%) | 9 (11%) | 3 (3%) | 0.041 |
 Heart failure | 39 (22%) | 27 (33%) | 12 (13%) | 0.001 |
  EF ≤ 35% | 11 (6%) | 9 (11%) | 2 (2%) | 0.015 |
 HIV/AIDS CD4 < 200 | 5 (3%) | 4 (5%) | 1 (1%) | 0.13 |
 Immunosuppression | 10 (6%) | 5 (6%) | 5 (5%) | 0.82 |
ESRD | 5 (3%) | 3 (4%) | 2 (2%) | 0.54 |
Lung Ultrasound Score, mean (SD) | 6.2(5.7) | 2.6 (3.2) | 9.4 (5.5) | < 0.001 |
Positive findings by lung field, no. (%) | ||||
 L1 | 47 (27%) | 8 (10%) | 39 (42%) | < 0.001 |
 L2 | 40 (23%) | 9 (11%) | 31 (33%) | < 0.001 |
 L3 | 67 (39%) | 16 (20%) | 51 (55%) | < 0.001 |
 L4 | 39 (22%) | 10 (12%) | 29 (31%) | 0.003 |
 L5 | 59 (34%) | 9 (11%) | 50 (54%) | < 0.001 |
 L6 | 55 (32%) | 13 (16%) | 42 (45%) | < 0.001 |
 R1 | 50 (29%) | 7 (9%) | 43 (46%) | < 0.001 |
 R2 | 56 (32%) | 10 (12%) | 46 (49%) | < 0.001 |
 R3 | 62 (36%) | 9 (11%) | 53 (57%) | < 0.001 |
 R4 | 31 (18%) | 10 (12%) | 21 (23%) | 0.078 |
 R5 | 65 (37%) | 8 (10%) | 57 (61%) | < 0.001 |
 R6 | 52 (30%) | 6 (7%) | 46 (49%) | < 0.001 |
Days between symptom onset and test | ||||
 RT-PCR, median (IQR) | 3 (2, 7) | 3 (2, 5) | 5, (3, 7) | < 0.001 |
 POCUS, median (IQR) | 6 (3, 10) | 3 (2, 6) | 8 (6, 14) | < 0.001 |
Extent of lung findings, no. (%) | ||||
 No findings | 53 (31%) | 42 (52%) | 11 (12%) | < 0.001 |
 Single field involvement | 16 (9%) | 102 (15%) | 4 (4%) | |
 Multiple unilateral field involvement | 11 (6%) | 6 (7%) | 5 (5%) | |
 Bilateral field involvement | 94 (54%) | 21 (26%) | 73 (78%) | |