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Table 1 Characteristics of study population

From: Bedside lung ultrasonography by emergency department residents as an aid for identifying heart failure in patients with acute dyspnea after a 2-h training course

 

Total

n = 700

HF group

n = 371

Non-HF group

n = 329

p

Age (years), mean(SD)

68 (20)

70(24)

65(20)

< 0.001

Sex ratio (male/female)

1.43

1.13

1.90

< 0.001

Past medical History, n (%)

 COPD

151 (21.6)

44 (11.8)

107 (32.5)

< 0.001

 Asthma

21 (3)

10 (2.7)

11 (3.3)

0.47

 Hypertension

346 (49.4)

225 (60.6)

121(36.7)

< 0.001

 Diabetes mellitus

287 (41)

188 (50.6)

99 (30)

< 0.001

 Chronic heart Failure

175 (25)

128 (34.5)

47 (14.2)

< 0.001

 Coronary artery disease

133 (19)

98 (26.4)

35 (10.6)

< 0.001

Treatments

 Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

193 (27.5)

176 (47.6)

17 (5.2)

< 0.001

 Diuretics

167 (23.8)

158 (42.7)

9 (2.6)

< 0.001

 Beta blockers

50 (7.1)

42 (11.3)

8 (2.4)

< 0.001

 β 2 mimetics

102 (14.5)

64 (17.2)

38 (11.7)

0.03

 Steroids (inhaled)

53 (7.5)

23 (6.3)

30 (9)

0.14

 Aspirin

124 (17.7)

89 (23.9)

35 (10.7)

< 0.001

Chest X-ray, n (%)

 Cardiomegalya

368 (52.5)

253 (68.2)

115 (35)

< 0.001

 Interstitial edema

484 (69)

279 (75.2)

205 (62)

0.004

 Vascular pulmonary redistribution

290 (41.4)

208 (56)

82 (25)

< 0.001

 Pleural effusion

227 (32.5)

144 (39)

81 (25)

0.003

 Atrial fibrillation

154 (22)

98 (26.4)

56 (17)

0.003

 LV ejection fraction, mean (SD)

51 (14)

44 (13)

59 (10)

< 0.001

 BNP, pg/ml, median [IQR]

216 [68–548]

458[215–771]

62[25–162]

< 0.001

  1. HF heart failure, IQR interquartile range, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, LV left ventricle, BNP brain natriuretic peptide
  2. aCardiomegaly: cardiothoracic ratio > 0.5