The Ultrasound Journal

Table 2 Bivariate and multivariable analysis showing the association with AKI

From: Renal resistive index is associated with acute kidney injury in COVID-19 patients treated in the intensive care unit

	Bivariate analysis		Multivariable analysis^a
	OR (95% CI)	p-value	OR (95% CI)	p-value
RRI (0.01 unit step)	1.13 (1.04–1.23)	0.005	1.22^b (1.07–1.41)	0.004
Age	0.97 (0.91–1.03)	0.296
BMI	1.11 (0.99–1.23)	0.067	1.23 (1.02–1.48)	0.031
Risk factors for AKI
Hypertension	1.35 (0.44–4.13)	0.601
Diabetes	1.28 (0.32–5.10)	0.729
Chronic lung disease	0.63 (0.16–2.50)	0.513
Chronic kidney disease^c	7.50 (0.81–70)	0.076	175 (3.72–8281)	0.009
No risk factor^d	1.60 (0.48–5.37)	0.447
Data at RRI measurement
Mechanical ventilation	6.79 (1.32–35)	0.022	^f
Prone position	0.97 (0.23–4.12)	0.965
Vasopressors	4.11 (1.27–13)	0.019	27 (2.68–268)	0.005
Treatment in ICU^e
Anti-inflammatory drugs
Corticosteroids	0.76 (0.22–2.61)	0.666
Anticoagulation drugs
Antiplatelets	0.36 (0.11–1.19)	0.094	0.18 (0.03–1.17)	0.073
Episode of thrombolysis	4.05 (0.39–42)	0.241

AKI acute kidney injury, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, RRI renal resistive index, BMI body mass index (kg/m²), ICU intensive care unit
^aGoodness-of-fit p = 0.705
^bAn increase of 0.01 in RRI increased the risk of having AKI at measurement by 22%
^cChronic kidney disease was defined as eGFR before ICU admission < 60 ml/min/1.73 m²
^dPatients without history of smoking, chronic diagnoses or regular medications at hospital admission
^eTreatment from ICU admission to RRI measurement
^fVariable excluded from multivariable logistic regression model during forward selection

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