Table 2 Relationship between risk factors, etiology, and clinical presentation with MES presence
MES | P | |
|---|---|---|
n (%) | ||
Hypertension | ||
No (n = 18) | 3 (17%) | 0.119 |
Yes (n = 93) | 5 (5%) | |
Smoking | ||
No (n = 51) | 4 (8%) | 1.000 |
Yes (n = 60) | 4 (7%) | |
Obesity | ||
No (n = 105) | 7 (7%) | 0.369 |
Yes (n = 6) | 1 (17%) | |
Diabetes | ||
No (n = 81) | 6 (7%) | 1.000 |
Yes (n = 30) | 2 (7%) | |
Dyslipidemia | ||
No (n = 94) | 6 (6%) | 0.354 |
Yes (n = 17) | 2 (12%) | |
Chagas disease | ||
No (n = 103) | 7 (7%) | 0.462 |
Yes (n = 8) | 1 (12.5%) | |
Prior stroke | ||
No (n = 75) | 7 (9%) | 0.271 |
Yes (n = 36) | 1 (3%) | |
Cardiac heart failure | ||
No (n = 103) | 8 (8%) | 1.000 |
Yes (n = 8) | 0 (0%) | |
Prior AMI | ||
No (n = 100) | 8 (8%) | 1.000 |
Yes (n = 11) | 0 (0%) | |
CAD | ||
No (n = 99) | 8 (8%) | 0.595 |
Yes (n = 12) | 0 (0%) | |
Depression | ||
No (n = 105) | 7 (6%) | 0.369 |
Yes (n = 6) | 1 (17%) | |
TOAST | ||
Small-vessel occlusion (n = 23) | 0 (0%) | <0.001 |
Large-artery atherosclerosis (n = 11) | 5 (46%) | |
Cardioembolism (n = 31) | 0 (0%) | |
Other determined etiology (n = 5) | 2 (40%) | |
Undetermined etiology (n = 41) | 1 (2%) | |
Ictus time < 24 h | ||
No (n = 67) | 1 (1.5%) | 0.006 |
Yes (n = 44) | 7 (16%) | |
Wake-up stroke | ||
No (n = 93) | 6 (7%) | 0.614 |
Yes (n = 18) | 2 (11%) | |
Carotid dissection | ||
No (n = 109) | 7 (6%) | 0.140 |
Yes (n = 2) | 1 (50%) | |
Carotid atheromatous | ||
No (n = 96) | 3 (3%) | 0.001 |
Yes (n = 15) | 5 (33%) | |
Symptomatic carotid | ||
No (n = 93) | 2 (2%) | <0.001 |
Yes (n = 18) | 6 (3%) | |
Intracranial stenosis | ||
No (n = 105) | 8 (7%) | 1.000 |
Yes (n = 6) | 0 (0%) | |
Atrial flutter | ||
No (n = 107) | 8 (8%) | 1.000 |
Yes (n = 4) | 0 (0%) | |
Atrial fibrillation | ||
No (n = 82) | 8 (10%) | 0.108 |
Yes (n = 29) | 0 (0%) | |
PFO | ||
No (n = 109) | 8 (7%) | 1.000 |
Yes (n = 2) | 0 (0%) | |
Extracardiac shunt | ||
No (n = 110) | 8 (7%) | 1.000 |
Yes (n = 1) | 1 (100%) | |
Plaques in the aortic arch | ||
No (n = 109) | 8 (7%) | 1.000 |
Yes (n = 2) | 0 (0%) | |