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The Ultrasound Journal

Table 2 Multivariable proportional hazards models to predict acute kidney injury in 145 patients after cardiac surgery using the Venous EXcess UltraSound (VExUS) C grading system

From: Quantifying systemic congestion with Point-Of-Care ultrasound: development of the venous excess ultrasound grading system

 

Crude hazard ratio

Model 1

Model 2

Adjusted hazard ratioa

Adjusted hazard ratiob

HR

CI

p

HR

CI

p

HR

CI

p

VExUS C

Grade 0

Reference category

Reference category

Reference category

VExUS C

Grade 1

1.25

0.58–2.66

0.57

1.13

0.52–2.43

0.76

1.13

0.52–2.43

0.76

VExUS C

Grade 2

2.65

1.07–6.60

0.036

2.31

0.92–5.80

0.074

2.32

0.92–5.83

0.073

VExUS C

Grade 3

3.69

1.65–8.24

0.001

2.83

1.22–6.55

0.015

2.82

1.21–6.55

0.016

Pre-operative AKI risk score [30]

1.02

1.01–1.04

0.001

1.02

1.003–1.03

0.019

1.02

1.003–1.033

0.02

Vasopressor–inotrope score

1.01

0.99–1.03

0.51

   

1.001

0.98–1.03

0.93

  1. Multivariable proportional hazard regression model (Cox) with the VExUS grade considered as a time-varying covariate (i.e., VExUS grade at day 0 is used to predict AKI at day 1, VExUS grade at day 1 is used for AKI at day 2 and so on). HR hazard ratio, CI 95% confidence intervals
  2. aVariables included in the multivariate model were the VExUS C grade (segmented time-dependant) and pre-operative AKI risk score [30]
  3. bVariables included in the multivariate model were the VExUS C grade (segmented time-dependant), vasopressor–inotrope score (segmented time-dependant) and pre-operative AKI risk score [30]
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