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TableĀ 2 Etiology of heart failure in sub-Saharan Africa

From: Cardiac ultrasound in resource-limited settings (CURLS): towards a wider use of basic echo applications in Africa

First author, year

Patients with HF (n)

Hypertension (%)

Dilated cardiomyopathy (%)a

Ischemic (%)

Valvular (%)

Right-sided HF/cor pulmonale (%)

Effusion (%)

Endomyocardial fibrosis (%)

Congenital (%)

Ansa, 2016

339

48.6

35.4

Ā 

1.4

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

Appiah, 2017

1916

52.3

19.8

4

7.6

Ā Ā Ā 

0.4

Bonsu, 2017

1488

61.2

19.9

12.9

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

Boombhi, 2017

148

30.2

28.6

6.4

11.9

8.7

4

Ā Ā 

Damasceno, 2012

1006

45.4

18.8

7.7

14.3

Ā 

6.8

1.3

Ā 

Dokainish, 2017

1294

35

14.2

20

11

Ā Ā Ā 

0.1

Kingery, 2017

588

42.8

19.3

6.2

16.6

7.6

Ā Ā Ā 

Kwan, 2013

192

8

54

Ā 

25

Ā 

1.4

0.7

5

Makubi, 2014

427

45

22.4

9

12

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

Massoure, 2013

45

13

7

62

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

Mwita, 2017

193

40.4

19.6

5.7

9.3

Ā 

6.2

Ā Ā 

Nkoke, 2017

529

43.2

17.6

9.6

11.7

8.8

3.8

Ā 

2.1

Ogah, 2013

452

78.5

7.5

0.4

2.4

4.4

3.3

0.9

0.4

Ojji, 2013

1515

60.6

12

0.4

9.4

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

Onwuchekwa, 2009

423

56.3

7.3

0.2

4.3

2.1

Ā Ā Ā 

Pio, 2014

297

43.1

5.9

19.2

11.8

2.7

1.7

Ā 

2.7

Stewart, 2008

844

33

28

9

8

27

Ā Ā Ā 
  1. HF heart failure
  2. aThe majority of this group consists of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Peripartum cardiomyopathy and HIV-related cardiomyopathy were mentioned in several studies, while thyrotoxicosis, alcohol and diabetes were mentioned incidentally as causes for dilated cardiomyopathy