Point-of-care ultrasound in primary care: a systematic review of generalist performed point-of-care ultrasound in unselected populations

Sorensen, Bjarte; Hunskaar, Steinar

doi:10.1186/s13089-019-0145-4

The Ultrasound Journal

Table 6 Summary of test accuracy findings in ocular ultrasound

From: Point-of-care ultrasound in primary care: a systematic review of generalist performed point-of-care ultrasound in unselected populations

Test	Author	Op.	Year	Country (no. of studies in MA)	Train.	n	Prev (%)	Age	Criterion standard	Sn. in % (95% CI)	Sp. in % (95% CI)	LR+ (95% CI)	LR− (95% CI)
Retinal detachment	Gottlieb et al. [168]	EP	2019	MA (5)^b	0.5–2 h.	455^a	12–38	46–60	Orbital CT (1) or ophthalmology evaluation (6)	93.9 (78.7–98.5)	92.4 (85.6–96.1)	12.4^a	0.0660^a
	Jacobsen et al. [169]	EP	2016	USA	0.5 h.	109	31	49	Ophthalmology evaluation	91 (76–98)	96 (89–99)	23^a	0.094^a
	Lahham et al. [170]	EP	2019	USA	1 h.	225	21	51	Ophthalmology evaluation	96.9 (80.6–99.6)	88.1 (81.8–92.4)	8.14^a	0.0352^a
	Ojaghihaghighi et al. [171]	EP	2019	Iran	16 h.	351	8	34	Ophthalmology evaluation	88.9 (70.8–97.6)	100.0 (98.9–100.0)	∞	0.11 (0.038–0.32)
Vitreous haemorrhage	Lahham et al. [170]	EP	2019	USA	1 h.	225	24	51	Ophthalmology evaluation	81.9 (63.0–92.4)	82.3 (75.4–87.5)	4.63^a	0.220
Vitreous haemorrhage	Ojaghihaghighi et al. [171]	EP	2019	Iran	16 h.	347	13	34	Ophthalmology evaluation	97.8 (88.2–99.9)	98.7 (96.7–99.6)	74.8 (28.2–198.0)	0.023 (0.032–0.16)
Vitreous detachment	Lahham et al. [170]	EP	2019	USA	1 h.	225	15	51	Ophthalmology evaluation	42.5 (24.7–62.4)	96.0 (91.2–98.2)	10.6^a	0.599^a
Lens dislocation	Ojaghi Haghighi et al. [172]	EP	2014	Iran	NR	130	10	35	Orbital CT	84.6 (53.7–97.3)	98.3 (93.3–99.7)	49.5 (12.3–199.4)	0.15 (0.04–0.56)
	Ojaghihaghighi et al. [171]	EP	2019	Iran	16 h.	348	9	34	Orbital CT	96.8 (83.3–99.9)	99.4 (97.8–99.9)	154.8 (38.8–617.0)	0.032 (0.005–0.22)
	Ojaghihaghighi et al. [171]	EP	2019	Iran	16 h.	346	9	34	Ophthalmology evaluation	96.6 (82.2–99.9)	98.8 (96.9–99.7)	77.7 (29.3–206.0)	0.035 (0.0051–0.24)
Globe foreign body	Ojaghihaghighi et al. [171]	EP	2019	Iran	16 h.	350	5	34	Orbital CT	100.0 (79.4–100.0)	99.7 (98.3–100.0)	335.0 (47.3–2,371.0)	0
Globe rupture (except clinically obvious)	Ojaghihaghighi et al. [171]	EP	2019	Iran	16 h.	350	1	34	Orbital CT	100.0 (39.7–100.0)	99.7 (98.4–100.0)	347.0 (49.0–2,456.0)	0
Retrobulbar haematoma	Ojaghihaghighi et al. [171]	EP	2019	Iran	16 h.	350	9	34	Orbital CT	95.7 (78.1–99.9)	99.7 (98.3–100.0)	313.7 (44.2–2225.0)	0.044 (0.0064–0.30)

MA, meta-analysis (shown in italics with number of studies in brackets); Op., operators; Train., time spent in didactic intervention; h., hours; n, size of population; Prev., prevalence; Age, median- or mean age; Sn., sensitivity; Sp., specificity; CI, confidence interval; LR+, positive likelihood ratio; LR−, negative likelihood ratio; EP, emergency physician; NR, not reported; CT, computed tomography
^aCalculated by the authors from available data
^bEP sub-group analyzed separately

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