Test | Author |  Op. | Year | Country (no. of studies in MA) | Train. | n | Prev (%) | Age | Criterion standard | Sn. in % (95% CI) | Sp. in % (95% CI) | LR+ (95% CI) | LR− (95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hydronephrosis/nephrolithiasis | Wong et al. [113] | EP | 2018 | MA (9) | NR | 1773 | 35–84 | NR | CT, visualisation of stone or surgical findings | 70.2 (67.1–73.2) | 75.4 (72.5–78.2) | 2.85 | 0.39 |
Javaudin et al. [114] | EP | 2017 | France | 16 h. | 50 | 38 | 47 | Radiologist US | 100 (82–100) | 71 (52–86) | 3.4 (2.0–6.0) | 0 | |
Pediatric hydronephrosis in UTI | Guedj et al. [115] | EP | 2015 | France | 2 h. | 382 | 5 | 9 m. | Radiologist US | 76.5 (58.1–94.6) | 97.2 (95.2–99.2) | 27.3 | 0.25 |
Scrotal pathology | Blaivas et al. [118] | EP | 2001 | USA | NR | 36 | 58 | 45 | Radiologist colour doppler US | 95 (78–99) | 94 (72–99) | 16a | 0.053a |
Cholelithiasis | Esquerrà et al. [121] | GP | 2012 | Spain | 212 h. | 115 | 56 | NR | Radiologist US | 88.9 (83.2–94.6) | 100 (NR) | ∞a | 0.111 |
Lindgaard and Risgaard [93] | GP | 2017 | Denmark | 2 d. | 62 | 42 | NR | Radiologist US | 92 (75–99)a | 92 (78–98)a | 11a (3.7–33)a | 0.08a (0.02–0.32)a | |
Scruggs et al. [125] | EP | 2008 | USA | – | 575 | 60 | NR | Radiologist US | 88 (84–91) | 87 (82–91) | 6.8a | 0.13a | |
Ross et al. [124] | EP | 2011 | MA (8) | NR | 710 | 46–80 | NR | Radiologist US, CT, MRI or surgical findings | 89.8 (86.4–92.5) | 88 (83.7–91.4) | 7.5 (NR) | 0.12 (NR) | |
Hilsden et al. [126] | EP | 2018 | Canada | Cert. | 283 | 16 | NR | Need for cholecystectomy | 55 (40–70) | 92 (88–95) | 5.6a | 0.49a | |
Cholelithiasis OR Cholecystitis | Schlager et al. [122] | EP | 1994 | Canada | NR | 65 | 54 | NR | Radiologist US or surgical findings | 86 (70a–95a) | 97 (83–100)a | 26a (4–177)a | 0.15a (0.07–0.33)a |
Cholecystitis | Rosen et al. [127] | EP | 2001 | USA | NR | 193 | 46 | 49 | Clinical follow-up | 92 (73–100) | 78 (61–93) | 4.2a | 0.36a |
Summers et al. [128] | EP | 2010 | USA | NR | 113 | 14 | 36 | Surgical reports or clinical follow-up | 87 (66–97) | 82 (74–88) | 4.7 (3.2–6.9) | 0.16 (0.06–0.46) | |
Shekarchi et al. [129] | EP | 2018 | Iran | 4 h. | 342 | 14 | 54 | Radiologist US | 89.58 (76.55–96.10) | 96.59 (93.63–98.29) | 4.30 (2.42–7.62) | 0.017 (0.007–0.041) | |
Tourghabe et al. [130] | EP | 2018 | Iran | NR | 51 | 100 | 42 | Surgical and pathology findings | 37.84 (22.94–55.2) | 100.0 (73.24–100.0) | ∞ | 0.62 (0.48–0.80) | |
Appendicitis (pediatric) | Benabbas et al. [134] | EP | 2017 | MA (4) | – | 461 | 31–54 | 9–12 | Final pathology | 86 (79–90) | 91 (87–94) | 9.24 (6.42–13.28) | 0.17 (0.09–0.30) |
Nicole et al. [135] | EP | 2018 | Canada | 2 d. | 121 | 44 | 10 | Pathology or clinical follow-up | 53 (40–66) | 82 (71–89) | 2.94a | 0.57a | |
Appendicitis (all ages) | Lee and Yun [136] | EP | 2019 | MA (17) | – | 2385 | 42a | 6–37 | Surgical or pathological findings | 84 (72–92) | 91 (85–95) | 7.0 (3.2–15.3) | 0.22 (0.12–0.42) |
Appendicitis (adults) | Fields et al. [137] | EP | 2017 | MA (11)b | – | 1621 | NR | NR | CT, surgery, MRI or autopsy | 80 (76–83) | 92 (90–94) | 10.2 (8.2–12.7) | 0.22 (0.19–0.26) |
Shahbazipar et al. [138] | EP | 2018 | Iran | 8 h. | 121 | 38 | 34 | Pathology or clinical follow-up | 63 (48–77) | 99 (93–100) | 63a | 0.37a | |
Sharif et al. [139] | EP | 2018 | Canada | NR | 90 | 20 | NR | Pathology, laparoscopy, CT and/or radiologist US | 69.2 (48.1–84.9) | 90.6 (80.0–96.1) | 7.4 (3.3–16.5) | 0.3 (0.2–0.6) | |
Corson-Knowles and Russell [140] | EP | 2018 | USA | 20 m | 76 | 37 | 27a | Pathology results or clinical follow-up | 42.8 (25.0–62.5) | 97.9 (87.5–99.8) | 20.6 (2.8–149.9) | 0.58 (0.42–0.80) | |
Intussusception (pediatric) | Riera et al. [141] | EP | 2012 | USA | 1 h. | 82 | 16 | 24 m. | Radiologist US | 85 (54–97) | 97 (89–99) | 29 (7.3–117) | 0.16 (0.04–0.57) |
Lam et al. [142] | EP | 2014 | USA | 1 h. | 44 | 23 | 31 | Radiologist study | 100 (66–100) | 97 (82–100) | 32 (4.65–220) | 0 | |
Small bowel obstruction | Unlüer et al. [146] | EP | 201 | Turkey | 6 h. | 174 | 49 | 56 | Surgical findings, CT or clinical follow-up | 97.7 (94.5–100) | 92.7 (87.0–98.3) | 13.4 (6.2–28.9) | 0.025a |
Jang et al. [147] | EP | 2011 | USA | 10 m. | 76 | 43 | NR | Abdominal CT | 91 (75–98) | 84 (69–93) | 5.6 (2.8–11.1) | 0.1 (0.04–0.3) | |
Frasure et al. [148] | EP | 2018 | USA | NR | 47 | 68 | 63 | Abdominal CT | 93.8 (79.2–99.2) | 93.3 (68.1–99.8) | 14.1 (2.11–93.6) | 0.07 (0.02–0.26) | |
Becker et al. [145] | EP | 2019 | USA | 30 m. | 217 | 43 | 55 | Abdominal CT | 88 (80–94) | 54 (45–63) | 1.92 (1.56–2.35) | 0.22 (0.12–0.39) | |
Ascites | Lindgaard and Riisgaard [93] | GP | 2017 | Denmark | 2 d. | 34 | 9 | NR | Radiologist US | 100 (29–100)a | 100 (89–100)a | ∞ | 0 |
Constipation in children | Doniger et al. [149] | EP | 2018 | USA | 1.5 h. | 50 | 64 | 10 ± 4 | Rome III questionnaire | 86 (67–95) | 71 (53–85) | 3.0a | 0.20a |