Table 3 Risk of bias and applicability concerns summary
Risk of bias | Applicability concerns | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Patient selection | Index test | Reference standard | Flow and timing | Patient selection | Index test | Reference standard | |
Akopov and Whitman [19] | High | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Bar et al. [23]a | Low | Low | Low | High | Low | Low | Low |
Boddu et al. [24] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Brunser et al. [25]a | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Low |
Gerriets et al. [26] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Gerriets et al. [27] | Low | Low | Low | High | Low | Low | Low |
Goertler et al. [41] | Unclear | High | High | Unclear | High | Low | Low |
Guan et al. [28]a | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Low |
Kadimi et al. [43] | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Kenton et al. [29] | Unclear | Low | Low | High | Low | Low | Low |
Kern et al. [30] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Kukulska-Pawluczuk et al. [44] | Unclear | Unclear | Low | High | Low | Low | Low |
Leanyvari et al. [45] | High | Low | High | Low | Low | Low | High |
Matsumoto et al. [31] | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Low |
Nasr et al. [32] | Low | Low | Low | High | Low | Low | Low |
Ovesen et al. [42] | Low | High | Low | High | Low | Low | Low |
Panerai et al. [20] | High | High | High | Low | High | Low | High |
Rathakrishnan et al. [33]a | High | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Low |
Seidel et al. [34] | High | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Seidel et al. [35] | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Stolz et al. [36] | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Tang et al. [37] | Low | Low | Unclear | High | Low | Low | Low |
Tsivgoulis et al. [38]a | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Tsivgoulis et al. [39]a | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Viola et al. [21] | High | Unclear | High | High | Low | Low | High |
Wada et al. [40]a | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Zubkov et al. [46] | Unclear | High | Unclear | High | Low | Unclear | Low |