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Table 2 Agreement between the trainees and the tutor in the recognition of the LUS basic signs

From: Lung ultrasound in internal medicine: training and clinical practice

LUS basic signs (recognition of)

Students without any previous experience in ultrasound (n = 9)

Students with previous limited experience in Cardiac ultrasound (n = 10)

k

95 % CI

Agreement strength

k

95 % CI

Agreement

strength

The bat sign

0.30

0.28–0.33

Fair

0.28

0.26–0.31

Fair

The lung sliding

0.71

0.65–0.79

Substantial

0.77

0.73–0.80

Substantial

The seashore sign (M-mode)

0.45

0.41–0.49

Moderate

0.70a

0.68–0.72

Substantial

The A lines

0.90

0.81–1.00

Excellent

0.91

0.81–1.00

Excellent

The quad sign

0.33

0.29–0.40

Fair

0.28

0.25–030

Fair

The sinusoid sign

0.44

0.41–0.46

Moderate

0.44

0.41–0.46

Moderate

The fractal sign

0.30

0.27–0.32

Fair

0.35

0.28–0.40

Fair

The tissue-like sign

0.80

0.78–0.82

Substantial

0.80

0.79–0.81

Substantial

The B lines recognition

0.90

0.88–0.92

Excellent

0.90

0.86–0.94

Excellent

The B lines quantification

0.70

0.67–0.73

Substantial

0.72

0.70–0.74

Substantial

The lung rockets

0.50

0.48–0.52

Moderate

0.52

0.51–0.53

Moderate

The stratosphere sign (M-mode)

0.80

0.78–0.82

Substantial

0.84a

0.82–0.84

Excellent

The lung point

0.80

0.78–0.82

Substantial

0.79

0.78–0.80

Substantial

The lung pulse

0.80

0.80–0.80

Substantial

0.78

0.77–0.79

Substantial

The dynamic air bronchogram

0.78

0.77–0.79

Substantial

0.76

0.73–0.79

Substantial

  1. CI confidence intervals
  2. aSignificantly different between the two groups