From: Lung ultrasound in internal medicine: training and clinical practice
LUS basic signs (recognition of) | Students without any previous experience in ultrasound (n = 9) | Students with previous limited experience in Cardiac ultrasound (n = 10) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
k | 95 % CI | Agreement strength | k | 95 % CI | Agreement strength | |
The bat sign | 0.30 | 0.28–0.33 | Fair | 0.28 | 0.26–0.31 | Fair |
The lung sliding | 0.71 | 0.65–0.79 | Substantial | 0.77 | 0.73–0.80 | Substantial |
The seashore sign (M-mode) | 0.45 | 0.41–0.49 | Moderate | 0.70a | 0.68–0.72 | Substantial |
The A lines | 0.90 | 0.81–1.00 | Excellent | 0.91 | 0.81–1.00 | Excellent |
The quad sign | 0.33 | 0.29–0.40 | Fair | 0.28 | 0.25–030 | Fair |
The sinusoid sign | 0.44 | 0.41–0.46 | Moderate | 0.44 | 0.41–0.46 | Moderate |
The fractal sign | 0.30 | 0.27–0.32 | Fair | 0.35 | 0.28–0.40 | Fair |
The tissue-like sign | 0.80 | 0.78–0.82 | Substantial | 0.80 | 0.79–0.81 | Substantial |
The B lines recognition | 0.90 | 0.88–0.92 | Excellent | 0.90 | 0.86–0.94 | Excellent |
The B lines quantification | 0.70 | 0.67–0.73 | Substantial | 0.72 | 0.70–0.74 | Substantial |
The lung rockets | 0.50 | 0.48–0.52 | Moderate | 0.52 | 0.51–0.53 | Moderate |
The stratosphere sign (M-mode) | 0.80 | 0.78–0.82 | Substantial | 0.84a | 0.82–0.84 | Excellent |
The lung point | 0.80 | 0.78–0.82 | Substantial | 0.79 | 0.78–0.80 | Substantial |
The lung pulse | 0.80 | 0.80–0.80 | Substantial | 0.78 | 0.77–0.79 | Substantial |
The dynamic air bronchogram | 0.78 | 0.77–0.79 | Substantial | 0.76 | 0.73–0.79 | Substantial |