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Table 1 Cardiopulmonary ultrasound protocol

From: Focused cardiopulmonary ultrasound for assessment of dyspnea in a resource-limited setting

Echocardiogram

Parasternal long axis with color Doppler

Estimate LVEF

Pericardial effusion

Mitral valve disease

Parasternal short axis (mid-ventricle)

Apical 4 chamber with color Doppler

Subcostal

Pulmonary ultrasound

Anterior and lateral chest ultrasound, rib interspaces 2–4 on left and 2–5 on right for upper zones, and rib spaces below 5 for lower zones bilaterally

Extravascular lung water (B-lines)

Pleural effusion

Pneumothorax (lack of lung sliding)

  1. LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction